By Kim Wildman
MSN NZ Travel writer
Getting sick is the last thing you need while travelling, so be sure to take adequate precautions. Here are some health issues you should consider before taking off.
Vaccinations
Make certain you visit your GP at least eight weeks before you leave as they'll be able to provide the most up-to-date information on vaccinations and other precautions, such as anti-malaria medication, for the places you plan to visit.
Medication
Remember to take enough medication with you to last the entire trip as it can be difficult and time-consuming to fill a prescription while on the road. Ask your doctor for a signed letter listing the precise generic names of your medications and names of equivalent medications in case of unavailability. Bear in mind that different countries have different rules on the types of medications you can bring into the country, so having a letter from your doctor saying why you are carrying the drug is imperative.
Mosquito and other insect bites
As much as we may despair about it, the reality is that insects inhabit every corner of the globe. The best way to fend off the pesky little creatures is through wearing suitable clothing such as long-sleeved shirts, long pants and hats, which reduces exposed skin. Beyond that, your best bet is to use repellents and a mosquito net.
Stomach upsets and diarrhoea
Contaminated food and water is a major cause of illness and care is especially important when eating out, particularly in developing countries. Excess spice or oil in food as well as alcohol can also lead to stomach upsets. Where you can, only drink unopened, bottled water and try to eat fresh fruit and vegetables that can be easily peeled. Also avoid ice cubes. If you are unsure whether the water is safe, assume the worst. The most effective way of purifying water is with iodine, which is available in tablet form. No matter how many precautions you take, completely avoiding unsafe food and water can be difficult, so it's wise to carry an anti-diarrhoeal preparation.
Sunburn
Sunburn is preventable, so always apply sunscreen and monitor your exposure. UV radiation is greatest between 10am and 4pm, so avoid skin exposure during this time. Wear a hat. Always use 30-plus sunscreen, apply 30 minutes before going into the sun and repeat regularly to minimise damage.
Heat exhaustion and heatstroke
Heat exhaustion occurs when fluid intake does not keep up with fluid loss. Symptoms include dizziness, fainting, fatigue, nausea or vomiting and pale, clammy skin. Resting in a cool, shady area and replacing fluid with water or diluted sports drinks will usually correct the problem. Heatstroke is a severe form of heat illness that occurs after fluid depletion or extreme exertion in high heat. It is best prevented by maintaining an adequate fluid intake to ensure the continued passage of clear and copious urine, especially during physical exertion.
Sexually transmitted diseases
It is not uncommon for travellers to throw caution to the wind, even when it comes to safe sex. Yet with HIV/AIDS a major issue in many countries, there is no excuse for not taking precautions. There are also many other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, genital herpes and trichomoniasis, which, while curable, can be deadly if not treated. So always practice safe sex and take a supply of condoms with you when you travel.
More information
See the New Zealand government's Safe Travel website for more information.
